2013 Zachary Mikalonis 2022 Justin Felder 2023 Ron Vanderhoff 2018 Tim Lewis 2021 Randy Huey 2019 Randy Huey 2013 Harry Xi Huang 2013 Zachary Mikalonis 2023 Ron Vanderhoff 2020 Deborah Dozier 2019 Randy Huey 2018 Keir Morse
Centranthus ruber is an annual or perennial herb that is not native to California.
[Wikipedia] Description, Ecology, Invasive Species: The blooms have a strong and somewhat rank scent. They are pollinated by both bees and butterflies and the plant is noted for attracting insects. It is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including angle shades. Seeds have tufts similar to dandelions that allow wind dispersal, and as such can self-seed freely and become invasive if not properly controlled.
Invasive species
It is listed as a NEMBA 1b invasive in the Western Cape, South Africa. It may not be owned, imported, grown, moved, sold, given as a gift or dumped in a waterway.[5][4][6] It requires compulsory control as part of an invasive species control programme to remove and destroy. The plants are deemed to have such a high invasive potential that infestations can qualify to be placed under a government sponsored invasive species management programme. No permits will be issued.[7] (link added by Mary Ann Machi)
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Suggested Citation
Calflora:
Information on California plants for education, research and conservation,
with data contributed by
public and private institutions and individuals.
[web application]. 2025.The Calflora Database
[a non-profit organization].Available:
https://www.calflora.org/(Accessed: 07/19/2025).